Layer 2 Blockchains are currently the most interesting solution for scaling blockchain capacity. Single application with lots of usage can start their own L2 which communicates with the blockchain it is based on.
How secure are those solutions? Ideally they are as secure and decentralised as the Layer 1 they are based on. This is often not the case. Many L2 are secured by a so called multi-sig. A multi signature smart contract.
It means, a bunch of people have admin keys to the smart contract. It is defined in the given protocol how many of those people need to agree to make changes to the protocol. So take Blast for example. There are five parties with admin keys. Three of them need to agree to make any changes they want. Including taking all the money from investors.

Tezos introduces Etherlink, a L2 with no admin keys that is scared by the whole Tezos network. It is enshrined into the L1 protocol and follows the same on chain governance and security measures. No-one is able to rob money from investors. Etherlink is compatible with the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). It means, all applications that can run on Ehereum can also run on Etherlink.

Check https://www.etherlink.com/

The data in this infographic is from Dec 2023

This video is part of a series of infographics around blockchain technology.
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My Tezos bakery (aka validator) is known as Tezberry Pie. You can find me 
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